Ly-6D is a 128 amino acid glycoprotein that is expressed in squamous cell carcinoma cell lines and squamous cell epithelia tissue. Ly-6D contains a signal peptide, 2 theoretical phosphorylation sites and 3 putative myristoylation sites. Upregulation of the gene encoding Ly-6D in head and neck cancers is associated with poor prognosis and high expression of Ly-6D has been linked to enhanced cell migration. Ly-6D is frequently used as a molecular marker for diagnosis and therapy of head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). It has been suggested that Ly-6D may regulate the expression levels of certain fucosylated E-selectin ligands and protein FX, a protein that contributes to the last step in the synthesis of GDP-L-fucose, in HNSCC cell lines. This finding is indicative that Ly-6D may regulate tumor cell adhesion in inflamed vessel walls that express E-selectin.

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