Transfer RNA (tRNA) modifications help regulate the efficiency of mRNA translation by maintaining the correct reading frames. N(2),N(2)-dimethylguanosine tRNA methyltransferase, also known as TRMT1 or tRNA(guanine-26,N(2)-N(2)) methyltransferase, is a 659 amino acid enzyme that is responsible for tRNA modifications in eukaryotes. Using S-adenosyl-L-methionine as a methyl donor, TRMT1 dimethylates a single guanine residue at position 26 of tRNA. TRMT1, which was initially identified in yeast and C. elegans, has a 26% and 31% sequence identity to its yeast and C. elegans homologs, respectively. There are two isoforms of TRMT1 produced by alternative splicing events. The TRMT1 gene maps to chromosome 19p13.13 and mutations in this gene lead to abrogated enzyme activity and a decrease in protein levels.

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