Junctophilins are components of the junctional complexes between plasma membranes and endoplasmic or sarcoplasmic reticulums present in all excitable cells. Junctophilins contain a cytoplasmic domain which binds to the plasma membrane, as well as an ER/SR membrane spanning hydrophobic C-terminal segment. The three subtypes in this family are Junctophilin-1, -2 and -3. Junctophilin-1 is predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle, but is also expressed at low levels in heart. Junctophilin-2 is expressed in heart and skeletal muscle. Mutant mice lacking the Jph2 gene exhibit embryonic lethality and possess cardiac myocytes that express abnormal calcium transients. Junctophilin-3 is expressed in brain. The JPH3 alternatively spliced exon 2A has been suggested as a site for CTG repeat expansion leading to a Huntington disease-like autosomal dominant disorder.

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